Livestock and pets - Deterrents Deterrents



Studded leather collars

To prevent lethal bites, some protective outfits can be worn by livestock. An Iranian study (Khorozyan et al. 2020) tested studded leather collars to prevent leopard (Panthera pardus) predation on cattle and found that the risk of predation was eliminated in the treatment group (RR = 0).

Referenced papers
Khorozyan, I., Ghoddousi, S., Soufi, M., Soofi, M., & Waltert, M. (2020). Studded leather collars are very effective in protecting cattle from leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks. Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 1(1), e12013.
No leopard predation on cattle occurred when studded leather collars were worn