Livestock and pets - Repellents Repellents



Fladry

Fladry is a line or rope with attached pieces of cloth or small flags. Originally, fladry was used to push wolves during hunts, but now the intervention is used to exclude them from areas where livestock are present. Three studies have evaluated the effect of fladry to reduce livestock depredation, and it appears that the intervention can reduce both livestock predation and trespass rates of wolves in comparison to control settings. The intervention does not seem to work effectively to deter coyotes, and even for wolves the effect wears off with time. One study that attempted to evaluate how long lasting the effect was, recorded trespasses from wolves after 60 days.

Referenced papers
Lance, N. J., Breck, S. W., Sime, C., Callahan, P. & Shivik, J. A. Biological, technical, and social aspects of applying electrified fladry for livestock protection from wolves (Canis lupus). Wildlife Restoration 37:708-714 (2010).
Fladry can have an effect in deterring wolves from trespassing into areas.
Musiani, M. et al. Wolf depredation trends and the use of fladry barriers to protect livestock in western North America. Conservation Biology 17, 1538-1547 (2003).
Livestock predation was reduced in fields with fladry in comparison to control fields. The effect lasted for 60 days.
Davidson-Nelson, S. J. & Gehring, T. M. Testing fladry as a nonlethal management tool for wolves and coyotes in Michigan. Human –Wildlife Interactions 4, 87-94 (2010).
Fladry reduced wolf trespasses into treatment fields in comparison to control fields, but did not have any effect on coyote movement.